Vanadium Redox Battery Prototype Design and Development

Abstract

Three vanadium batteries of 1-1.5 kW nominal power have been designed, constructed and evaluated during this project with energy efficiencies of up to 90% being demonstrated. These 10 and 12-cell battery stacks were constructed using Japanese graphite felt/conducting plastic electrodes and selemion CMV membrane. The battery systems include pumps, electrolyte reservoirs, pressure sensors, temperature transducers, open-circuit cell for state-of-charge (SOC) monitoring as well as conductivity probes in each reservoir for monitoring SOC of each 1/2-cell electrolyte.